Brendan Kelly Ph.D.

Brendan Kelly is Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto. He is author of over 50 books including the recent "Intelligence, IQ & Perception", and "Intelligence: Where we Were, Where we Are & Where we’re Going." He holds two doctorate degrees: a Ph.D. in Mathematics (Number Theory) from U. of T. and an Ed.D. in Computer Applications from the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, and he curates his site on Quora titled, “IQ & Intelligence.”

What are examples of variables that are positively correlated by not causally related?

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A few years ago, a school board discovered that there was a positive correlation between a student’s shoe size and a student’s intelligence. Those with larger shoe sizes had higher IQ scores than those of smaller shoe size. The school board administrators, having little knowledge of statistics, assumed that there was some kind of causal …

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Do Most people believe there are more unintelligent than intelligent people?

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It would be impossible for the proportions of intelligent and unintelligent people to be unequal, because IQ scores are normed so that half the people are above average intelligence and half are below. (For the same reason, the number of short people is the same as the number of tall people, provided height is normally …

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Is it True that the Greatest leaders have IQ between 120 and 135, while Those of IQ greater than 145 are rarely great leaders?

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The concept of IQ emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, but formal IQ tests such as WAIS (the Weschler test) did not emerge until the 1950’s. (You can visit this site for a brief history of their development: Why were IQ tests developed originally?) Consequently, we don’t have IQ measures for the greatest leaders …

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Was Einstein’s intelligence innate IQ or the Result of hard Work?

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The concept of IQ emerged at the beginning of the 20th century, but formal IQ tests such as WAIS (the Weschler test) did not emerge until the 1950’s. (You can visit this site for a brief history of their development: Why were IQ tests developed originally?) Consequently, Einstein’s IQ was never measured. However, based on his …

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What are the pros and cons of attending an elite university?

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In his book, David and Goliath1, journalist Malcolm Gladwell discusses the downside of attending an elite university. Citing the case of Caroline Sacks, he asserts that she suffered from “little fish in a big pond syndrome.” Caroline had excellent grades in science and had to choose between enrolling in science at the University of Maryland …

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Is AI more intelligent than the people who created it?

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Daniel, it all depends upon how we define “smarter.” Certainly AI is more capable than humans in certain functions that we regard as cognitive. For example, the rate at which signals can be transmitted along myelinated axons connecting neurons in the brain can be about 100 m/s. However, the propagation velocity of electric current in …

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Why do Universities still teach “useless” theoretical math in undergraduate engineering?

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A few years ago, when I was a graduate student, I received an urgent call for help from a Dean in charge of the Food Sciences program. Her students were struggling with the calculus course and they needed extra classes. When I looked at the notes they were receiving from the professor, it was evident …

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